American developmental psychologist, John Flavell, is most commonly recognised for introducing the term 'metacognition' as a result of his research in the 1970’s which focused on children’s knowledge and control of their memory processes.

EEF's Metacognition and Self-Regulated Learning

Claims +7 months progress when used well.

7 recommendations:

• Teachers should acquire the professional understanding and skills to develop their pupils’ metacognitive knowledge.
• Explicitly teach pupils metacognitive strategies, including how to plan, monitor, and evaluate their learning.
• Model your own thinking to help pupils develop their metacognitive and cognitive skills.
• Set an appropriate level of challenge to develop pupils’ self-regulation and metacognition.
• Promote and develop metacognitive talk in the classroom.
• Explicitly teach pupils how to organise and effectively manage their learning independently.
• Schools should support teachers to develop knowledge of these approaches and expect them to be applied appropriately.

EEF's Seven-step model

Hattie

John Hattie: Effect Size for teaching metacognitive strategies is 0.69 (highly effective)

• Activating prior knowledge.
• What do you want to know about a topic.
• Understanding what one has learned in the course of a lesson.
• Monitoring self understanding during the course of an activity.
• Choosing which learning strategies to use (and when)
• Evaluating whether a specific learning strategy was successful.